Hardware RAID acquired as one volume
A hardware raid is a group of hard drives connected to a physical RAID controller that is integrated into the motherboard, or as an add-on card. The RAID controller translates the information from multiple drives into one large physical drive. Because of the large number of variations that the RAID controller can have, it is easiest to acquire the RAID as one large physical disk instead of acquiring the drives separately and trying to piece them together in EnCase. To acquire the RAID as one large volume requires that you acquire that RAID in its native environment, as seen by the RAID controller:
Hardware RAID acquired as multiple disks
Sometimes acquiring the disk configuration as one drive is not possible or impractical due to time constraints. When you reconstruct a Hardware RAID array that has been acquired as separate drives, it is referred to as editing disk configuration in EnCase. To edit disk configuration, several items of information are required:
To acquire and build a hardware disk configuration:
Software RAID
Software RAIDs are simply a series of hard drives controlled by the operating system (as opposed to a RAID controller card) to be written to and read from as a RAID. The BIOS of the host computer, therefore, sees the drives as separate drives, because it is the OS, not the BIOS, that is making the RAID. They are separate drives, and seen as separate drives, so you have to acquire them as separate drives. It is important to note that the OS cannot reside on the software RAID, so it will reside on a separate disk. The disk that contains the OS also contains the registry, which contains the necessary information to rebuild the RAID, so always make sure that you acquire this disk as well.
Additional Methods to acquire RAIDs
Dave Shaver of the US Army Computer Crime Investigative Unit has provided a presentation on how to acquire the following types of RAIDs:
資料來源：Guidance Software
A hardware raid is a group of hard drives connected to a physical RAID controller that is integrated into the motherboard, or as an add-on card. The RAID controller translates the information from multiple drives into one large physical drive. Because of the large number of variations that the RAID controller can have, it is easiest to acquire the RAID as one large physical disk instead of acquiring the drives separately and trying to piece them together in EnCase. To acquire the RAID as one large volume requires that you acquire that RAID in its native environment, as seen by the RAID controller:
- 1.Open the case of the suspect computer and document the RAID setup. Leave the cover open because you will need access to the hard drives later on.
- 2.Download and create a Network boot disk (Because it contains many popular SCSI drivers and also supports parallel port and network crossover acquisitions)
- 3.Unplug the power and data connectors to each hard drive (Noting where they were connected because we will need to reconnect later)
- 4.Boot the suspect computer and configure the BIOS to boot to floppy only.
- 5.Save the settings and power down the computer
- 6.Reconnect the hard drives in the same way that they were connected in Step 4.
- 7.If performing a DOS Drive to Drive acquisition, Connect your partitioned and FAT-32 formatted storage drive to a spare hard drive connector on the suspect computer. If there are no more connectors, you may use one from the CD-ROM drive, or connect it to an add-on IDE controller card and insert the controller card into a free PCI slot on the motherboard.
- 8.Now insert your boot floppy and boot the computer using it. If you are working with a SCSI RAID array, choose the options to Auto Detect and load the SCSI drivers using the network boot disk. If you intend to perform a network crossover acquisition, allow the computer to detect and load drivers for the network card.
- 9.Launch EnCase® for DOS. Remember, the BIOS sees the RAID as one drive, so you will only see one large physical drive in EnCase.
- 10.Acquire the RAID array as you would acquire a single IDE hard drive. For more specific instructions please see our article on how to acquire a drive safely.
- 11.When the acquisition is finished, the RAID array will appear as one physical disk in EnCase.
Hardware RAID acquired as multiple disks
Sometimes acquiring the disk configuration as one drive is not possible or impractical due to time constraints. When you reconstruct a Hardware RAID array that has been acquired as separate drives, it is referred to as editing disk configuration in EnCase. To edit disk configuration, several items of information are required:
- *Stripe size
- *Start sector
- *Length per physical disk
- *Right or Left handed stripe
- *What order the physical disks are in
To acquire and build a hardware disk configuration:
- 1.Open the case of the suspect computer and document the RAID setup. Leave the cover open because you will need access to the hard drives for the next step
- 2.Acquire each disk in the RAID, using one of the methods in our article entitled how to acquire a drive safely.
- 3.Add the evidence files from all of the RAID disks to one case.
- 4.Switch to the Devices tab. (Select VIEW -> Cases -> DEVICES)
- 5.Right-click on any of the evidence file rows and select Edit Disk Configuration... from the contextual menu
Right-click for pop-up menu, left-click for command - 6.You will then see the "Disk Configuration" dialog box
Disk Configuration settings - 7.Right click in the empty Component Devices window and choose New
Adding / Editing a disk element in the RAID - 8.Highlight the first disk and enter the start sector and element size.
- 9.Click OK
- 10.Repeat steps 5-7 for each disk in the RAID, making sure that they are added in correct numerical order.
- 11.Next, select the type of RAID in the Disk Configuration List Box
- 12.Set the Stripe Size, Choose if the image is of a physical disk, and choose if it is a right-handed stripe set and Click OK
Choosing the RAID Array parameters - 13.You will now see the newly created RAID device in the devices view
New RAID device - 14.When you go to the Cases/Entries view and expand the RAID array, you will see the folder structure of the RAID array
The rebuilt RAID
Software RAID
Software RAIDs are simply a series of hard drives controlled by the operating system (as opposed to a RAID controller card) to be written to and read from as a RAID. The BIOS of the host computer, therefore, sees the drives as separate drives, because it is the OS, not the BIOS, that is making the RAID. They are separate drives, and seen as separate drives, so you have to acquire them as separate drives. It is important to note that the OS cannot reside on the software RAID, so it will reside on a separate disk. The disk that contains the OS also contains the registry, which contains the necessary information to rebuild the RAID, so always make sure that you acquire this disk as well.
- 1.Open the case of the suspect computer and document the RAID setup. Leave the cover open because you will need access to the hard drives for the next step
- 2.Acquire each disk in the RAID (including the non-RAID disk that contains the OS files) using one of the methods in our article entitled how to acquire a drive safely.
- 3.Add all of the evidence files into one case.
Case with all drives added - 4.Note that in the Cases/Entries view, the members that make up the software RAID have the RAID/Dynamic Disk icon instead of the physical disk icon.
- 5.Right click on the hard drive contains the OS files and choose Scan Disk Configuration.
- 6.EnCase will locate the appropriate information needed and rebuild the RAID
Software RAID added to case
Additional Methods to acquire RAIDs
Dave Shaver of the US Army Computer Crime Investigative Unit has provided a presentation on how to acquire the following types of RAIDs:
- *Intel-Based Hardware RAID (Dead)
- *Intel-Based Hardware RAID (Live)
- *Linux Software RAID (Live)
- *Linux Software RAID (Dead)
- *Windows Software RAID (Live)
- *Windows Software RAID (Dead)
- *Unix Non-Intel RAID (Live)
資料來源：Guidance Software
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